Human tRNALys3UUU Is Pre-Structured by Natural Modifications for Cognate and Wobble Codon Binding through Keto–Enol Tautomerism

Codon--anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis.

tRNA tKUUU, tQUUG, and tEUUC wobble position modifications fine-tune protein translation by promoting ribosome A-site binding.

tRNA modifications are crucial to ensure translation efficiency and fidelity. In eukaryotes, the URM1 and ELP pathways increase cellular resistance to various stress conditions, such as nutrient starvation and oxidative agents, by promoting thiolation and methoxycarbonylmethylation, respectively, of the wobble uridine of cytoplasmic (tK(UUU)), (tQ(UUG)), and (tE(UUC)). Although in vitro experim...

Yeast tRNAAsp: codon and wobble codon-anticodon interactions. A transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement study.

The conformations of the ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates GpApC and GpApU, the codon and wobble codon for aspartic acid respectively, bound to yeast tRNAAsp in solution, have been examined by means of time-dependent transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements to determine distances between bound ligand protons. The conformations of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates are sh...

Ligand Binding Receptor through Inhibition of Cognate Antagonizes Human Formyl Peptide The Immunosuppressant Cyclosporin A

The role of modifications in codon discrimination by tRNAUUU

The natural modification of specific nucleosides in many tRNAs is essential during decoding of mRNA by the ribosome. For example, tRNAUUU requires the modification N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 (t6A37), adjacent and 3′ to the anticodon, to bind AAA in the A site of the ribosomal 30S subunit. Moreover, it can only bind both AAA and AAG lysine codons when doubly modified with t6A37...